Risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 6 to 12 months and its effects on neuropsychological development / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk factors for moderate and severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants aged 6-12 months, and to preliminarily investigate the effects of IDA on the neuromotor development and temperament characteristics of infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 326 infants aged 6-12 months with IDA were classified into three groups: mild IDA (n=176), moderate IDA (n=111), and severe IDA (n=39) according to the severity of anemia. The risk factors for moderate or severe IDA were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Three hundred and forty-six infants without IDA who showed matched age, sex, and other backgrounds were selected as the control group. The Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale was used to evaluate children's mental development. The Temperament Scale for infants was used for evaluating children's temperament.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The univariate analysis showed that the severity of IDA was associated with sex, birth weight, gestational age, multiple birth, maternal anemia during pregnancy, and mother's lack of knowledge about IDA (P<0.05). Setting the mild IDA group as control, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that multiple birth, premature birth, low birth weight (<2500 g), maternal anemia during pregnancy, breast feeding, and mother's lack of knowledge about IDA were the risk factors for severe IDA (OR>1; P<0.05); premature birth, breast feeding, and mixed feeding were the risk factors for moderate IDA (OR>1; P<0.05). The IDA group had significantly lower scores in Gesell general development quotient, gross motor, adaptive behavior, and fine motor than the control group (P<0.05). The IDA group had higher percentages of children with difficulty and intermediate difficulty temperaments than the control group (P<0.05). The IDA group had significantly higher scores in activity level, rhythmicity, adaptability, and perseverance than the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The severity of IDA is associated with premature birth, multiple birth, low birth weight, feeding pattern, maternal anemia during pregnancy and mother's lack of knowledge about IDA in infants aged 6-12 months. Infants with IDA have delayed neuromotor development and most of them have negative temperaments. More attention should be paid to mental and behavior problems for the infants. It is necessary to provide guidance for their parents in feeding and education.</p>

Relationship between G6PD deficiency and hand-foot-mouth disease induced by enterovirus 71 / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency on hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) induced by enterovirus 71 (EV71) , and possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 220 boys with HFMD induced by EV71 were classified into two groups based on disease severity: mild/moderate (n=145) and severe HFMD groups (n=75), and 132 healthy boys were selected as the control group. The activity of G6PD and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in blood were measured using the automatic biochemical analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of G6PD deficiency cases in the severe HFMD group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.0125). In the severe HFMD group, the durations of fever, mental abnormality, limb trembling and hospital stay were significantly longer in children with G6PD deficiency than in those with normal G6PD activity (P<0.05). In the acute and recovery stages, patients in the mild/moderate and severe HFMD groups had significantly lower GSH levels and G6PD activity and significantly higher MDA levels compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). In the acute stage, children in the mild/moderate and severe HFMD groups with G6PD deficiency had significantly lower GSH levels and significantly higher MDA levels compared with those with normal G6PD activity (P<0.01). In the acute and recovery stages, GSH level in children with HFMD was positively correlated with G6PD activity (r=0.61, P<0.01; r=0.58, P<0.01), and in the acute stage, MDA level was negatively correlated with G6PD activity (r=-0.29, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>G6PD deficiency is probably a predisposing factor for HFMD induced by EV71 and may aggravate the patient's condition. Its mechanism might be related to oxidative stress.</p>

Matrine-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells is associated with activation of the apoptotic pathway / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe matrine-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells in relation to activation of the apoptotic pathway in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>K562 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of matrine at different concentrations for 4 days, and the morphological and ultramicrostructural changes of the cells were observed using inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related protein p27kip1 was detected by immunocytochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to untreated K562 cells, the cells treated with matrine at 0.10 g/L exhibited apoptostic characteristics in the cellular morphology and ultramicrostructure, with the expression of p27kip1 protein upregulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Matrine-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells is associated with cell apoptosis, and upregulation of p27kip1 protein expression may play a crucial role in the process of apoptosis.</p>

Matrine-induced gamma-globin synthesis in K562 cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of matrine on gamma-globin synthesis in K562 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Benzidine staining was used to study the dose- and time-dependent effects of matrine on hemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells, and Western blotting was performed to determine the level of hemoglobin F(alpha(2)gamma(2)).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Benzidine staining showed that K562 cells treated with matrine of 0.1 mg/ml had a positivity rate for benzidine (BZ%) of 15.67% at 96 h after the treatment, and Western blotting indicated increased synthesis of hemoglobin F.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Matrine can induce gamma-globin synthesis and increase hemoglobin F level in K562 cells, the effect of which resembles that of sodium butyrate.</p>

Accumulation of ? Globin mRNA and Induction of Erythroid Differentiation after Treatment of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Cell Line K562 with Matrine / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the effects of matrine on accumulation of ? globin mRNA and induction of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in vitro.Methods K562 cells were cultured for 6 days with different concentration of matrine,viable cell counts were determined by trypan-blue dye exdusion test. Erythroid differentiation was evaluated by percentage of benzidine-positive cells at different days after culture. Morphological changes were observed under microscope after Wright-Gimesa staining; ? globin mRNA was quantitative by real time quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Different concentrations of matrine inhibited proliferation of K562 cells in dose-dependent manner; otherwise, K562 cells were successfully induced by erythroid differentiation with matrine. After treatment with matrine, percentage of benzidine-positive cells significantly increased from 0.7% to 15.7% and characteristic changes of erythroid differentiation in the cell morphology were observed, G? globin mRNA had a preferential increase (2.7 fold)in K562 cells. Conclusions Matrine accumulation G? globin mRNA and induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. The results provides an experimental evidence for the pharmacological therapy of hematological diseases associated with a failure in the expression of normal ? globin genes.